History of Egypt

อียิปต์ภายใต้กฎเปอร์เซีย

สวัสดีครับเจอกันอีกเช่นเคยนะครับ กับเว็บไซต์ที่มีเนื้อหาที่เต็มไปด้วย<b>ประวัติศาสตร์</b>ของประเทศ<b>อียิปต์</b>ที่น่ารู้เเละคุณควรรู้ ผมได้พยายามอธิบายเเละเล่าเรื่องราวน่ากระชับเเละน่าอ่าน ใครที่ยังไม่รู้ว่า ประเทศอียิปต์นั้นมีความเป็นมาอย่างไร เข้าไปตามอ่านบทความได้ ตามนี้เลยครับ <b><a href="http://egyptian-history-of-egypt.blogspot.com/2014/12/history-of-egypt.html" target="_blank">ประวัติศาสตร์อียิปต์</a> </b>ส่วนใครที่อ่านมาเเล้วก็มาติดตามความเป็นมากันต่อเลยนะครับ<br />
           ถึงตอนนี้เราก็มาดูกันครับว่า<b>เปอร์เซีย</b>นั้นเข้ามามีอิทธิพลกับอียิปตตั้งเเต่ตอนไหน ความเป็นไปอย่างไร ทำไม<b>อียิปต์</b>ถึงได้ตกอยู่ใต้การปกครองของเปอร์เซีย บทความนี้จะไขทุกปัญหาเเละไปหาคำตอบกันได้เลยครับ<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>เปอร์เซียปกครองอียิปต์</b></span><br />
<b>         เปอร์เซีย</b>ได้ปกครองอียิปต์เมื่อ 525 ปีก่อนคริสตกาล โดยได้รับชัยชนะในการต่อสู้กับ<b>ลิเบีย</b> หลังจากนั้น <b>Greek</b> ก็ได้รับชัยชนะที่เมือง <b>Marathon </b>เมื่อ 490 ก่อนคริสตกาล<br />
ชาวอียิปต์ซึ่งไม่เห็นด้วยเกี่ยวกับความช่วยเหลือของ<b>กรุงเอเธนส์</b>  ราวๆ 484เเละปี 460 ก่อนคริสตกาล แต่ก็ไม่ประสบความสำเร็จ ในปี 404 ก่อนคริสตกาล <b>อียิปต์</b>ประสบความสำเร็จเเละได้เป็นอิสระโดยความสำเร็จนี้ เกิดจากทางเปอร์เซียเองที่มีความอ่อนเเอ ราชวงศ์ที่ปกครอง 28,29 เเละ 30 นั้นสั้นมาก โดยเฉพาะราชวงศ์ที่ 28 มีเพียง 1 <b>Pharaoh</b> เท่านั้น<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>ราชวงศ์ที่ 29 แห่งอียิปต์</b></span><br />
         ในราชวงศ์ที่ 29 ชาวอียิปต์เป็นพันธมิตรกับสปาร์ตา<b> Sparta</b>ช่วยให้อียิปต์กับเปอร์เซียในมีการแลกเปลี่ยนอาหารกันจำนวนมากโดยเฉพาะ<b>ข้าวสาลี</b>  แต่โชคร้ายที่เปอร์เซียได้ไปจับเรือขนข้าวสาลีของอียิปต์ที่เดินทางไปที่สปาร์ตา ชาวอียิปต์ได้รับการควบคุมจากชาวสปาร์ตา เพราะอำนาจของเอเธนส์ลดลงหลังจากที่กิดสงคราม<b> Peloponnesian</b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="Nectanebo" height="320" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/nectanebo.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="234" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">รูปฟาโรห์ Nectanebo จากพิพิธภัณฑ์ Boston  of Fine Arts</span></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">สมัยฟาโรห์ Nectanebo</span></b><br />
          Nectanebo เป็นฟาโรห์ของราชวงศ์ที่ 30 ที่พยายามจะสร้างอียิปต์ใหม่ให้กลายเป็นประเทศเอกราชพวกเขาต่อสู้กับการรุกรานของเปอร์เซีย ครั้งหนึ่งที่เปอร์เซียต้องเเพ้ยกทัพกลับเพราะแม่น้ำไนล์ท่วมเมื่อพวกเขากำลังพยายามที่จะบุกโจมตี เช่นเดียวกับฟาโรห์องค์อื่น ๆ ที่พวกเขาได้เป็นพันธมิตรกับสปาร์ตาและกรุงเอเธนส์และเมืองกรีกอื่น ๆ พยายามที่จะออกจากเปอร์เซีย บางส่วนพวกเขาได้พยายามที่จะนำราชอาณาจักรใหม่กลับมารวมกันโดยการบุกรุกซีเรีย<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img height="313" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/alexander.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">รูปอเล็กซานเดอร์เเละเทพเจ้าของอียิปต์</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>อเล็กซานเดอร์ปราบอียิปต์</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>           แต่ในท้ายที่สุดพวกเขาก็ไม่สามารถต่อสู้กับเปอร์เซียได้ โดยเปอร์เซียชนะอียิปต์หลังจาก 63  ต่อมาหรือ 341 ปีก่อนคริสตกาล แต่พวกเขาไม่ได้ปล่อยให้มันนานมาก โดย 332 ปีก่อนคริสตกาล พระเจ้าอเล็กซานเดอร์มหาราชได้เอาชนะอียิปต์ให้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการปฏิวัติจักรวรรดิเปอร์เซีย<br />
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         ก็จบไปแล้วนะครับสำหรับเกร็ดเล็กเกร็ดน้อยของบทความนี้ ได้รู้ความเป็นมาของอียิปต์ที่ถูกปกครองโดยเปอร์เซียกันเเล้ว หลังเป็นอย่างยิ่งนะครับว่าคุณจะสนุกไปกับมัน ถ้าเนื้อหามีข้อผิดพลาดประการได้ ก็ขออภัยด้วยนะครับ และพร้อมรับคำเเนะนำจากทุกๆท่านครับ มีปัญหาหรือข้อสงสัย <b><u>คอมเม้นได้เลยนะครับ</u></b> ถ้าเนื้อหาโดนใจ มีความรู้มีประโยชน์ก็<b><u>แชร์ให้เพื่อน</u></b>ๆได้รู้กันได้ตามสบายเลยนะครับ พบกับบทความใหม่ที่เต็มด้วยเนื้อหาเเน่น เติมเต็มความรู้ทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่นี่ครับ <b><a href="http://egyptian-history-of-egypt.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">History of Egypt</a></b><br />
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อียิปต์ภายใต้กฎเปอร์เซีย

สวัสดีครับเจอกันอีกเช่นเคยนะครับ กับเว็บไซต์ที่มีเนื้อหาที่เต็มไปด้วย ประวัติศาสตร์ ของประเทศ อียิปต์ ที่น่ารู้เเละคุณควรรู้ ผมได้พ...

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03:06

Third Intermediate Period

After the death of the last Ramses in 1085 BC, Egypt fell apart. We don't know exactly why, but there may have been a serious drought.<br />
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Philistines on the Egyptian temple at Medinet Habu<br />
The Hittite and Mycenaean cultures collapsed at the same time, and various people from that area invaded Egypt, where they were called the Sea Peoples - the Philistines, the Lycians, and the Achaeans, among others (possibly the Trojans). Egypt beat these Sea Peoples off, but Egypt collapsed soon afterward anyway.<br />
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Ramses III defeating the Sea Peoples<br />
Egypt lost its control over Israel and Lebanon (this is the story of Moses) and was again ruled by different kings in the north and the south. Nubia got back its independence altogether, and had its own kings, and so did the Egyptian territories in Israel and Syria (this is the time of King David and King Solomon in the Bible). The north became richer than the south, and cities developed for the first time. But Egypt was weaker than usual, and the Libyans invaded several times, and ruled the north for a while. In the south, at Thebes, the priests of Amun continued to be very powerful.<br /><center>
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Around 715 BC, a black Sudanese (or Kushite) king from south of Egypt, named Piankhy, invaded and conquered most of Egypt and founded Dynasty 25 of the Pharaohs. (This might be a sculpture of Piankhy's successor, Shabaka)<br />
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This dynasty did not last long, because a new group in West Asia, the Assyrians, conquered Egypt in a series of wars ending in 664 BC and drove the Sudanese out of Egypt. The Assyrians could not really rule a land so far from their own capital at Nineveh, though, and soon another group of Libyan kings took over as Dynasty 26, with help from Greek and Lydian soldiers. These kings are called the Saites (sah-EETS), after their capital at Sais in the north of Egypt.<br />
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By 609 BC the Assyrian empire was collapsing, and the Saite kings even managed to reconquer some of Israel and Syria. But in 605 BC the new Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar beat the Egyptians in battle and took Israel and Syria back. In 525 BC a new West Asian empire, the Persians, conquered Egypt, and this time they succeeded in ruling it.<br />
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Third Intermediate Period

After the death of the last Ramses in 1085 BC, Egypt fell apart. We don't know exactly why, but there may have been a serious drought. ...

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02:59

New Kingdom Egypt

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With the reunification of Egypt by the southerner Ahmose (Kamose died before it was united) and the expulsion of the Hyksos, Egypt began a new period of prosperity under the 18th dynasty. At this time there was a great deal of trade with Western Asia, and Egyptian armies even conquered much of Israel and Syria, though they were constantly fighting the Hittites and Assyrians to keep control of it. Great temples were built all over Egypt. The Egyptian queens were very powerful at this time, and in 1490 BC one of them, Hatshepsut, became Pharaoh herself. Hatshepsut's reign was long and peaceful, and she built up many trading agreements with African kingdoms south of Egypt that made Egypt much richer than before.<br />
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<img alt="Akhenaten" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/akhenaten.jpg" /></div>
Akhenaten<br />
Akhenaten<br />
In 1363 BC there was a famous Pharaoh named Akhenaten, who built a new capital at Amarna and seems to have worshipped a new sun god, and developed new art styles.<br />
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<img alt="Nefertiti" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/nefertiti.jpg" /></div>
Nefertiti<br />
Nefertiti<br />
His wife was Nefertiti. Akhenaten had no sons, and his successor was his son-in-law Tutankhamon. However, by 1333 BC the Pharaohs went back to the old religion.<br />
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Tutankhamon<br />
Tutankhamon<br />
In 1303 BC a new northern dynasty or family of Pharaohs took over, the 19th Egyptian dynasty. Their first king, Rameses, moved the capital back to Memphis in the north. Priests became very powerful. Fighting with the Hittites in West Asia continued, but also a lot of trade. This is the time when the Bible says the Jews were slaves in Egypt.<br />
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The 20th dynasty Pharaohs, around 1200 BC, continued the same policies, and were all called Rameses. There were many attacks on Egypt, first from Libya to the west and then from West Asia, by a group that the Egyptians called the Sea Peoples. The Hittites were destroyed, though around 1100 BC the Egyptians fought off the Sea Peoples in a great naval battle. But the trouble in West Asia seems to have caused a general economic depression in the whole Eastern Mediterranean and West Asia, and soon afterwards the New Kingdom collapsed.<br />
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New Kingdom Egypt

With the reunification of Egypt by the southerner Ahmose (Kamose died before it was united) and the expulsion of the Hyksos, Egypt began...

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11:54

Second Intermediate Period

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Around 1786 BC some people we call the Hyksos invaded Egypt, ending the Middle Kingdom and starting the Second Intermediate Period. The Hyksos, who were invaders from West Asia, took over the eastern part of the Nile Delta (North-Eastern Egypt, the part closest to Asia), having their capital at Memphis.<br />
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Nobody knows for sure who the Hyksos were, but they seem to have been Amorites, who spoke a Semitic language (related to Hebrew and Arabic) and came from the area around Syria and Israel, an area which had traded extensively with the Egyptians during the Middle Kingdom. The Hyksos did very well for about a hundred years, but then (as in the First Intermediate Period) the southern rulers from Thebes again began to reconquer the north of Egypt. In these "wars of liberation," the brothers Kamose and Ahmose fought both the Hyksos and the Nubians, Africans who lived to the south, and succeeded in reuniting Egypt in the New Kingdom.<br />
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Second Intermediate Period

Around 1786 BC some people we call the Hyksos invaded Egypt, ending the Middle Kingdom and starting the Second Intermediate Period. The H...

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08:47

Middle Kingdom Egypt

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The Middle Kingdom was formed after a series of wars between the rulers of Upper Egypt (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North). The rulers of Upper Egypt won, and they reunified the country about 2000 BC, with the capital first at Thebes in the south, and then at a new city just south of Memphis. The Pharaohs of this period are not as powerful as before.<br />
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They show themselves as taking care of their people, instead of as god-kings as in the Old Kingdom. They are the shepherds of the people now. The nomarchs (local officials) are powerful. In this period, the Pharaohs first started to control places further north of Egypt like Jerusalem, Jericho and Syria. There was a lot of trading with Byblos, near modern Beirut.<br />
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Middle Kingdom Egypt

The Middle Kingdom was formed after a series of wars between the rulers of Upper Egypt (the South) and Lower Egypt (the North). The ruler...

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08:25

First Intermediate Period

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The end of the Old Kingdom, around 2100 BC, seems to have been caused by rebellions among the lower levels of the rich people, who believed that the Pharaohs had too much power. Gradually the Pharaohs had become more and more dependent on the government officials, and these men grabbed power. Some of the organization of the country collapsed.<br />
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 No more pyramids were built. Literary sources describe a time of anarchy, with noblemen and noblewomen working in the fields, men killing their parents, brothers fighting, and tombs being destroyed. Some people, like Brian Fagan, think this may have been brought on by a major climate change which brought drought conditions to Egypt.<br />
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First Intermediate Period

The end of the Old Kingdom, around 2100 BC, seems to have been caused by rebellions among the lower levels of the rich people, who belie...

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08:15

Old Kingdom Egypt

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<img alt="Pyramid Giza" border="0" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/architecture/pictures/gizapyr.jpg" /></div>
When Egypt was first unified around 3000 BC under a Pharaoh from Upper Egypt (the south), the Pharaohs quickly came to have a great deal of power over their subjects. The Pharaohs' capital was at Memphis. This slate palette - the Narmer Palette - has a hole in the middle for mixing eye shadow. But the carvings seem to show the Pharaoh of Upper Egypt standing up and beating the Pharaoh of Lower Egypt.<br />
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<a href="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/narmerreverse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Narmer Palette" border="0" height="200" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/narmerreverse.jpg" width="138" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjDDGZLt_rf1t7C76seOz6Mn-6aCNf1r0b4K9jYeRd-RlgMPjCtxAVucojWRTncbDBybwZ6MTvW_4d4pQ1NhEMc00dsIUXlQxguQuZ8nSReKG_-XZPSSlh2H-QolNV2vF82OL9pKfk-Ml9vUqWG9yhm-DeAqTw_N-YYrxRVfltO32Y=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Narmer Palette" border="0" height="200" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/narmer.jpg" width="138" /></a></div>
<a href="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/narmer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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Narmer Palette  Narmer Palette<br />
Narmer Palette showing the unification of Egypt<br />
Because the Old Kingdom was so long ago, we don't have a lot of information about this time. It seems that the Pharaohs organized the first systematic irrigation from the Nile river, which allowed still more people to live in Egypt without starving. The Pyramids were built in this period as great tombs for the Pharaohs. Probably they were built by people who were usually farmers, like most people at that time. They may have been built a little at a time each year, during the Nile floods when people couldn't do farm work anyway. Recent archaeology suggests that the earliest Pharaohs also engaged in human sacrifice. About the same time, another great civilization was arising in Sumer.<br />
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Ankhesenpepi II<br />
<a href="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/ankhesenpepiii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="Ankhesenpepi II" border="0" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/ankhesenpepiii.jpg" /></a>Ankhesenpepi II and her son Pepy II<br />
The last pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was Pepy II. But Pepy II was only six years old when he became Pharaoh - Pepy II's mother, Ankhesenpepi II, probably was really the one ruling Egypt. She would have been used to the idea of women having political power: Ankhesenpepi II's mother, Nebet, had been the vizier for Pepy II's grandfather, Pepi I. Ankhesenpepi II may have ruled until Pepy II grew up, or perhaps until she died. After her death, Pepy II gradually lost power, and the other rich men and women of Egypt began to rule their own areas as if they were kings themselves - this was the First Intermediate Period.<br />
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Old Kingdom Egypt

When Egypt was first unified around 3000 BC under a Pharaoh from Upper Egypt (the south), the Pharaohs quickly came to have a great deal o...

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07:40

Stone Age Egypt

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<u><strike><img border="0" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/huntingbirds.jpg" /></strike></u></div>
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<span style="color: #181818; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">During most of the Stone Age, people in Egypt, like people everywhere else in the world, lived byhunting and gatheringtheir food. They traveled around from place to place in the Nile Valley, harvesting wild grasses, digging up roots, picking berries, and finding bird eggs. They fished in the Nile River and they gathered reeds from its shores to make baskets. They hunted wild cattle and turtles.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #181818; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">But farming brought many other changes too. Once people were planting crops, they had to defend the land where their crops were. If strangers came by, they couldn't just leave. There was more fighting. Soon people began to band together into larger communities that could fight better. They chose leaders. And those leaders, seeing the advantages that farming brought them, forced more and more people to start farming and settle down under their leadership.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #181818; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">By around 10000 BC, Egypt had gotten crowded enough so that people were forced to begin growing their own food instead of only huntingand gathering it. About the same time, people also started farming inWest Asia. </span></div>
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<img alt="Harvesting" src="http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/history/pictures/harvesting.jpg" /></div>
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<span style="color: #181818; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Probably people have always known how to grow plants from seeds, but they preferred to just go out and pick wild food, because that was easier. But when there got to be enough people, the wild food didn't grow enough to feed everyone, and people had to beginplanting their own as well. People also began to keep tame cows, sheep, and pigs. Today we call this the Agricultural Revolution.</span></span><br />

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Stone Age Egypt

During most of the Stone Age, people in Egypt, like people everywhere else in the world, lived byhunting and gatheringtheir food. They tr...

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10:26

ประวัติของอียิปต์

<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yrc3dx-YpYUDiRXpnxbNsNSw-UbcWZ3dirMCmB9-jLXUojKnFV6rbIHtIFd6kBfVEDwrPWDqAn8bjcZaEV7lXNnBKqZe_oOUUaGXoKsc-IhpNZaOBkTMB5udReymlkkDkoH2IA5fOOAd/s1600/Egyptian+History.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yrc3dx-YpYUDiRXpnxbNsNSw-UbcWZ3dirMCmB9-jLXUojKnFV6rbIHtIFd6kBfVEDwrPWDqAn8bjcZaEV7lXNnBKqZe_oOUUaGXoKsc-IhpNZaOBkTMB5udReymlkkDkoH2IA5fOOAd/s1600/Egyptian+History.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="195" /></a>People have probably been living in Egypt at least since 100,000 BC, when humans first started to move out of Ethiopia north around the Arabian Peninsula. While a lot of Egypt is a desert, the area right along the Nile River grows lots of plants and is an easy place to live.<br />
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Gradually more people came to Egypt, and those people had lots of kids. Egypt became more crowded, so there was more need for a unified government. For a while there seem to have been two kingdoms, which we call Upper Egypt (in the south) and Lower Egypt (in the north). Around 3000 BC, at the beginning of the Bronze Age, the king of Upper Egypt conquered the king of Lower Egypt and made Egypt into one kingdom, called Egypt. People called the ruler of this new kingdom the Pharaoh.<br />
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From that time until around 525 BC, when the Persians conquered Egypt, we divide Egypt's history into six different time periods. In the Old Kingdom (2686-2160 BC), the Egyptians built the Pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. Then about 2200 BC there seems to have been a change in the climate, and Egypt came apart into a bunch of smaller kingdoms. We call this the First Intermediate Period (2160-2040 BC).<br />
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By 2040 BC, the pharaohs managed to pull Egypt back together again to form the Middle Kingdom (2040-1633 BC), but the Middle Kingdom pharaohs were never as powerful as the Old Kingdom pharaohs, and they didn't build pyramids anymore. Around 1800 BC, the Middle Kingdom pharaohs lost power again. We call this the Second Intermediate Period (1786-1558 BC). During the Second Intermediate Period, some people from the north called the Hyksos invaded Egypt and ruled Lower Egypt for a while. The Hyksos had horses and chariots, and soon the Egyptian army also learned to use horses and chariots.<br />
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Around 1500 BC, the Egyptian pharaohs from Upper Egypt were able to push out the Hyksos and reunite Egypt into one country again as the New Kingdom (1558-1085 BC). This is the time when the Bible talks about the Jews being slaves in Egypt. At the end of the Bronze Age, there was a general crisis all around the Eastern Mediterranean and West Asia. Along with the Mycenaeans and the Hittites, the Egyptian government also collapsed, leading to the Third Intermediate Period (1085-525 BC). During the Third Intermediate Period, East African kings from south of Egypt in Nubia ruled most of Egypt.<br />
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Then in 525 BC, Cambyses, the Persian King, brought an army to Egypt and conquered Egypt, and made Egypt part of the Persian Empire. The Egyptians didn't like being part of the Persian Empire, but they weren't strong enough to break away. When Alexander conquered the Persian Empire in 332 BC, he also took over Egypt at the same time, and so Alexander's Greek successors ruled Egypt after that (332-30 BC) This time is also called the Hellenistic. The Hellenistic was the time of Cleopatra, who was a Greek woman and also pharaoh in Egypt. After Cleopatra died, the Romans conquered Egypt and it became part of the Roman Empire for hundreds of years (30 BC-700 AD). Finally about 660 AD, invading Umayyad armies conquered Egypt and made Egypt part of the Islamic Empire which replaced the Roman Empire.<br />
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ประวัติของอียิปต์

People have probably been living in Egypt at least since 100,000 BC, when humans first started to move out of Ethiopia north around the Arab...

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10:00